python+selenium+unittest进行UI自动化测试

驱动下载

1. chromedriver.exe：https://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/chromedriver/
2. Firefox全历史版本下载：http://ftp.mozilla.org/pub/firefox/releases/
3. geckodriver.exe:https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/releases
4. 全驱动下载链接：https://www.selenium.dev/downloads/

整体框架

1. test.py

import os
import time
import unittest
from selenium import webdriver
from lxml import etree
from BeautifulReport import BeautifulReport

class CDY(unittest.TestCase):
    '''测试报告基础测试用例'''
    driver = None
    img_path = 'img'

    @staticmethod
    def parse(html,xpath):
        '''获取页面元素对应的xpath'''
        return etree.HTML(html).xpath(xpath)

    def save_img(self,img_name):
        '''传入一个ing_name,并保存到默认文件路径下'''

        self.driver.get_screenshot_as_file('{}/{}.png'.format(os.path.abspath(self.img_path),img_name))

    @classmethod
    def setUpClass(cls):
        '''set up method'''
        cls.driver = webdriver.Firefox()
        cls.test_page = 'http:///login'

    def tearDown(self):
        '''tear down method'''

    def test_home_page_is_ok(self):
        '''测试登录页面，并用tittle设置断言'''
        self.driver.get(self.test_page)
        print('打开浏览器，访问：{}'.format(self.test_page))
        title = CDY.parse(self.driver.page_source,'//title/text()')[0]
        print('获取到对应的title:{}'.format(title))
        self.assertEqual(title,"海汇德充电云")
        print('断言通过，title={}'.format(title))

        self.driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="app"]/div/div/div/div[2]/div/div[2]/form/div[1]/div/input').send_keys('')
        self.driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="app"]/div/div/div/div[2]/div/div[2]/form/div[2]/div/input').send_keys('')
        time.sleep(3)

        self.driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="app"]/div/div/div/div[2]/div/div[4]').click()
        print('登录成功')
        print('登录成功')

2. run_report.py

import unittest
from BeautifulReport import BeautifulReport

if __name__ == '__main__':
    #test_suite = unittest.defaultTestLoader.discover('../tests', pattern='test*.py')
    test_suite = unittest.defaultTestLoader.discover('../tests', pattern='test_01.py')
    result = BeautifulReport(test_suite)
    result.report(filename='测试报告', description='测试deafult报告', log_path='.')
# print(os.path.abspath(log_path))+


# from selenium import webdriver
# import time
# driver=webdriver.Chrome()
# driver.get('http://www.baidu.com')
# driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="kw"]').send_keys('aaa')
# driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="su"]').click()
# time.sleep(5)
# login_name = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="1"]/h3/a').text
# print(login_name)

3. BeautifulReport.py

"""
@Version: 1.0

"""

import os
import sys
from io import StringIO as StringIO
import time
import json
import unittest
import platform
import base64
from distutils.sysconfig import get_python_lib
import traceback
from functools import wraps

__all__ = ['BeautifulReport']

HTML_IMG_TEMPLATE = """
    <a href="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/2022010709335334164.png">
    <img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/2022010709335334164.png" width="800px" height="500px"/>
    </a>
    <br></br>
"""


class OutputRedirector(object):
    """ Wrapper to redirect stdout or stderr """
    
    def __init__(self, fp):
        self.fp = fp
    
    def write(self, s):
        self.fp.write(s)
    
    def writelines(self, lines):
        self.fp.writelines(lines)
    
    def flush(self):
        self.fp.flush()


stdout_redirector = OutputRedirector(sys.stdout)
stderr_redirector = OutputRedirector(sys.stderr)

SYSSTR = platform.system()
SITE_PAKAGE_PATH = get_python_lib()

FIELDS = {
    "testPass": 0,
    "testResult": [
    ],
    "testName": "",
    "testAll": 0,
    "testFail": 0,
    "beginTime": "",
    "totalTime": "",
    "testSkip": 0
}


class PATH:
    """ all file PATH meta """
    config_tmp_path = os.path.abspath('.') + '/template/template'


class MakeResultJson:
    """ make html table tags """
    
    def __init__(self, datas: tuple):
        """
        init self object
        :param datas: 拿到所有返回数据结构
        """
        self.datas = datas
        self.result_schema = {}
    
    def __setitem__(self, key, value):
        """
        
        :param key: self[key]
        :param value: value
        :return:
        """
        self[key] = value
    
    def __repr__(self) -> str:
        """
            返回对象的html结构体
        :rtype: dict
        :return: self的repr对象, 返回一个构造完成的tr表单
        """
        keys = (
            'className',
            'methodName',
            'description',
            'spendTime',
            'status',
            'log',
        )
        for key, data in zip(keys, self.datas):
            self.result_schema.setdefault(key, data)
        return json.dumps(self.result_schema)


class ReportTestResult(unittest.TestResult):
    """ override"""
    
    def __init__(self, suite, stream=sys.stdout):
        """ pass """
        super(ReportTestResult, self).__init__()
        self.begin_time = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime())
        self.start_time = 0
        self.stream = stream
        self.end_time = 0
        self.failure_count = 0
        self.error_count = 0
        self.success_count = 0
        self.skipped = 0
        self.verbosity = 1
        self.success_case_info = []
        self.skipped_case_info = []
        self.failures_case_info = []
        self.errors_case_info = []
        self.all_case_counter = 0
        self.suite = suite
        self.status = ''
        self.result_list = []
        self.case_log = ''
        self.default_report_name = '自动化测试报告'
        self.FIELDS = None
        self.sys_stdout = None
        self.sys_stderr = None
        self.outputBuffer = None
    
    @property
    def success_counter(self) -> int:
        """ set success counter """
        return self.success_count
    
    @success_counter.setter
    def success_counter(self, value) -> None:
        """
            success_counter函数的setter方法, 用于改变成功的case数量
        :param value: 当前传递进来的成功次数的int数值
        :return:
        """
        self.success_count = value
    
    def startTest(self, test) -> None:
        """
            当测试用例测试即将运行时调用
        :return:
        """
        unittest.TestResult.startTest(self, test)
        self.outputBuffer = StringIO()
        stdout_redirector.fp = self.outputBuffer
        stderr_redirector.fp = self.outputBuffer
        self.sys_stdout = sys.stdout
        self.sys_stdout = sys.stderr
        sys.stdout = stdout_redirector
        sys.stderr = stderr_redirector
        self.start_time = time.time()
    
    def stopTest(self, test) -> None:
        """
            当测试用力执行完成后进行调用
        :return:
        """
        self.end_time = '{0:.3} s'.format((time.time() - self.start_time))
        self.result_list.append(self.get_all_result_info_tuple(test))
        self.complete_output()
    
    def complete_output(self):
        """
        Disconnect output redirection and return buffer.
        Safe to call multiple times.
        """
        if self.sys_stdout:
            sys.stdout = self.sys_stdout
            sys.stderr = self.sys_stdout
            self.sys_stdout = None
            self.sys_stdout = None
        return self.outputBuffer.getvalue()
    
    def stopTestRun(self, title=None) -> dict:
        """
            所有测试执行完成后, 执行该方法
        :param title:
        :return:
        """
        FIELDS['testPass'] = self.success_counter
        for item in self.result_list:
            item = json.loads(str(MakeResultJson(item)))
            FIELDS.get('testResult').append(item)
        FIELDS['testAll'] = len(self.result_list)
        FIELDS['testName'] = title if title else self.default_report_name
        FIELDS['testFail'] = self.failure_count
        FIELDS['beginTime'] = self.begin_time
        end_time = int(time.time())
        start_time = int(time.mktime(time.strptime(self.begin_time, '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')))
        FIELDS['totalTime'] = str(end_time - start_time) + 's'
        FIELDS['testError'] = self.error_count
        FIELDS['testSkip'] = self.skipped
        self.FIELDS = FIELDS
        return FIELDS
    
    def get_all_result_info_tuple(self, test) -> tuple:
        """
            接受test 相关信息, 并拼接成一个完成的tuple结构返回
        :param test:
        :return:
        """
        return tuple([*self.get_testcase_property(test), self.end_time, self.status, self.case_log])
    
    @staticmethod
    def error_or_failure_text(err) -> str:
        """
            获取sys.exc_info()的参数并返回字符串类型的数据, 去掉t6 error
        :param err:
        :return:
        """
        return traceback.format_exception(*err)
    
    def addSuccess(self, test) -> None:
        """
            pass
        :param test:
        :return:
        """
        logs = []
        output = self.complete_output()
        logs.append(output)
        if self.verbosity > 1:
            sys.stderr.write('ok ')
            sys.stderr.write(str(test))
            sys.stderr.write('\n')
        else:
            sys.stderr.write('.')
        self.success_counter += 1
        self.status = '成功'
        self.case_log = output.split('\n')
        self._mirrorOutput = True  # print(class_name, method_name, method_doc)
    
    def addError(self, test, err):
        """
            add Some Error Result and infos
        :param test:
        :param err:
        :return:
        """
        logs = []
        output = self.complete_output()
        logs.append(output)
        logs.extend(self.error_or_failure_text(err))
        self.failure_count += 1
        self.add_test_type('失败', logs)
        if self.verbosity > 1:
            sys.stderr.write('F  ')
            sys.stderr.write(str(test))
            sys.stderr.write('\n')
        else:
            sys.stderr.write('F')
        
        self._mirrorOutput = True
    
    def addFailure(self, test, err):
        """
            add Some Failures Result and infos
        :param test:
        :param err:
        :return:
        """
        logs = []
        output = self.complete_output()
        logs.append(output)
        logs.extend(self.error_or_failure_text(err))
        self.failure_count += 1
        self.add_test_type('失败', logs)
        if self.verbosity > 1:
            sys.stderr.write('F  ')
            sys.stderr.write(str(test))
            sys.stderr.write('\n')
        else:
            sys.stderr.write('F')
        
        self._mirrorOutput = True
    
    def addSkip(self, test, reason) -> None:
        """
            获取全部的跳过的case信息
        :param test:
        :param reason:
        :return: None
        """
        logs = [reason]
        self.complete_output()
        self.skipped += 1
        self.add_test_type('跳过', logs)
        
        if self.verbosity > 1:
            sys.stderr.write('S  ')
            sys.stderr.write(str(test))
            sys.stderr.write('\n')
        else:
            sys.stderr.write('S')
        self._mirrorOutput = True
    
    def add_test_type(self, status: str, case_log: list) -> None:
        """
            abstruct add test type and return tuple
        :param status:
        :param case_log:
        :return:
        """
        self.status = status
        self.case_log = case_log
    
    @staticmethod
    def get_testcase_property(test) -> tuple:
        """
            接受一个test, 并返回一个test的class_name, method_name, method_doc属性
        :param test:
        :return: (class_name, method_name, method_doc) -> tuple
        """
        class_name = test.__class__.__qualname__
        method_name = test.__dict__['_testMethodName']
        method_doc = test.__dict__['_testMethodDoc']
        return class_name, method_name, method_doc


class BeautifulReport(ReportTestResult, PATH):
    img_path = 'img/' if platform.system() != 'Windows' else 'img\\'
    
    def __init__(self, suites):
        super(BeautifulReport, self).__init__(suites)
        self.suites = suites
        self.log_path = None
        self.title = '自动化测试报告'
        self.filename = 'report.html'

    def report(self, description, filename: str = None, log_path='.'):
        """
            生成测试报告,并放在当前运行路径下
        :param log_path: 生成report的文件存储路径
        :param filename: 生成文件的filename
        :param description: 生成文件的注释
        :return:
        """
        if filename:
            self.filename = filename if filename.endswith('.html') else filename + '.html'
        
        if description:
            self.title = description
        
        self.log_path = os.path.abspath(log_path)
        self.suites.run(result=self)
        self.stopTestRun(self.title)
        self.output_report()
        text = '\n测试已全部完成, 可前往{}查询测试报告'.format(self.log_path)
        print(text)
    
    def output_report(self):
        """
            生成测试报告到指定路径下
        :return:
        """
        template_path = self.config_tmp_path
        override_path = os.path.abspath(self.log_path) if \
            os.path.abspath(self.log_path).endswith('/') else \
            os.path.abspath(self.log_path) + '/'
        
        with open(template_path, 'rb') as file:
            body = file.readlines()
        with open(override_path + self.filename, 'wb') as write_file:
            for item in body:
                if item.strip().startswith(b'var resultData'):
                    head = '    var resultData = '
                    item = item.decode().split(head)
                    item[1] = head + json.dumps(self.FIELDS, ensure_ascii=False, indent=4)
                    item = ''.join(item).encode()
                    item = bytes(item) + b';\n'
                write_file.write(item)
    
    @staticmethod
    def img2base(img_path: str, file_name: str) -> str:
        """
            接受传递进函数的filename 并找到文件转换为base64格式
        :param img_path: 通过文件名及默认路径找到的img绝对路径
        :param file_name: 用户在装饰器中传递进来的问价匿名
        :return:
        """
        pattern = '/' if platform != 'Windows' else '\\'

        with open(img_path + pattern + file_name, 'rb') as file:
            data = file.read()
        return base64.b64encode(data).decode()

    def add_test_img(*pargs):
        """
            接受若干个图片元素, 并展示在测试报告中
        :param pargs:
        :return:
        """

        def _wrap(func):
            @wraps(func)
            def __wrap(*args, **kwargs):
                img_path = os.path.abspath('{}'.format(BeautifulReport.img_path))
                try:
                    result = func(*args, **kwargs)
                except Exception:
                    if 'save_img' in dir(args[0]):
                        save_img = getattr(args[0], 'save_img')
                        save_img(func.__name__)
                        data = BeautifulReport.img2base(img_path, pargs[0] + '.png')
                        print(HTML_IMG_TEMPLATE.format(data, data))
                    sys.exit(0)
                print('<br></br>')

                if len(pargs) > 1:
                    for parg in pargs:
                        print(parg + ':')
                        data = BeautifulReport.img2base(img_path, parg + '.png')
                        print(HTML_IMG_TEMPLATE.format(data, data))
                    return result
                if not os.path.exists(img_path + pargs[0] + '.png'):
                    return result
                data = BeautifulReport.img2base(img_path, pargs[0] + '.png')
                print(HTML_IMG_TEMPLATE.format(data, data))
                return result
            return __wrap
        return _wrap

4. 测试报告
   

八大元素定位法

1. find_element_by_id()

# 通过id定位搜索框，并输入selenium
driver.find_element_by_id('kw').send_keys('selenium')
# 等待5秒
sleep(5)
# 退出
driver.quit()

2. find_element_by_name()

# 通过name定位搜索框，并输入selenium
driver.find_element_by_name('wd').send_keys('selenium')
# 等待5秒
sleep(5)
# 退出
driver.quit()

3. find_element_by_class_name()

# 通过class定位搜索框，并输入selenium
driver.find_element_by_class_name('s_ipt').send_keys('selenium')
# 等待5秒
sleep(5)
# 退出
driver.quit()

4. find_element_by_tag_name()

# 通过tag定位搜索框，并输入selenium, 此处必报错
driver.find_element_by_tag_name('input').send_keys('selenium')
# 等待5秒
sleep(5)
# 退出
driver.quit()

5. find_element_by_link_text()

# 通过link定位"新闻"这个链接并点击
driver.find_element_by_link_text('新闻').click()
# 等待5秒
sleep(5)
# 退出
driver.quit()

6. find_element_by_partial_link_text()

# 通过partial_link定位"新闻"这个链接并点击
driver.find_element_by_partial_link_text('闻').click()
# 等待5秒
sleep(5)
# 退出
driver.quit()

7. find_element_by_xpath()

# 通过xpath定位搜索框，并输入selenium
driver.find_element_by_xpath("//*[@id='kw']").send_keys('selenium')
# 等待5秒
sleep(5)
# 退出
driver.quit()

8. find_element_by_css_selector()

# 通过CSS定位搜索框，并输入selenium
driver.find_element_by_css_selector('#kw').send_keys('selenium')
# 等待5秒
sleep(5)
# 退出
driver.quit()

杂七杂八

1. 启动浏览器并加载页面

driver = webdriver.chrome()
driver.get("http:")

2. 窗口最大化

driver.maximize_window()

3. 可用selenium录制脚本，生成python文件再手动写*****